Resins, gums, and balsams



Pumas Jim; 4, 1940 mm STATES PATENT orrics i I nnsms, GU2 BALSAIIS I i I Rudolph a. Grant, Dayton, ohm,

of one fourth to Max lsaacson, Dayton, Ohio, and onefourth to 801 Shappirio, Washington, D. 0.-

No Drawing. Application August 22 1985,. I Serial No. 37,397 g 19 Claims. (Ci; ace-ass) products.- The production of resinous products of substantial hardness'from such glyceride oils,

I or the acids 0! such oils inthe prior art, has

. generally involved the presence of other organic substances, particularly polybasic acids, etc., asin the production of the phthalic glyceride types of resins, or of other added organic components.

Rather complex reactions are thus involved in the production of such resinsby prior art procedures, and also the'cost of such resins has been materially increased due to the necessity for inclusion of other organic components.

2 v Among the-objects of the present invention isthe production of resin type reaction products from the glyceride oils or the acids of the glyceride oils, without requiring the inclusion of other organic components in the production of such reaction products.

Other objects include the production of resinous'reaction products of novel characteristics by simple methods and inexpensive procedures.

I Still further objects and advantages will appear from the more detailed description given below, it being understood, however, thatthis more detailed description is given by way of explanation and illustration only, and not by way of limita- -'tion, since various changes therein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the. spirit, and scope of the prese nt invention.

In accordance with the present invention, the glyceride oils, or the acids from such glyceride oils, either individually or in admixture, are heat 40 treated in the presence of an oxide of an alkaline earth .metal, or an oxide of magnesium, until V the desired reaction product is ,obtained. Ele- ,vated temperatures are required -in producing such reaction products. I 5 The glyceride oils the. may be employed include both animal and weget'able oils, or from another point of view or classification, the dry-\ ing, semi-drying, and non-drying -oils may be utilized. The oils may be in their usual commercial forms, or refined, virgin,"blown, boiled,

heat treated oils m y be employed. The acids of such blown or heat treated oils, and in general the acids of the various classes of oils referred to may be employed in producing these condensa- 5 tion'products. It will be understood that each and every oil does not give identically the same type of reaction products, but the reaction products obtained from these various oils fall into the general classes of resin-type reaction prodgo note, the characteristicsof which may be modithe presence of carbonates and. carbon fled overa wide range, as more particularly pointed out below, to give products whichare resins. gums, .balsams, or pitches, etc. As illustrative, of these various oils that may be employed, particular attention may be called to linseed, 'tung, 5 fish, whale, rape, perilla,fsoya bean, sun flower, corn, cottonseed and caster oils, as well as the fatty acids derived therefrom. Among the fatty acids derived from such oils may be particular- 13;. mentioned iinoleic, ricin'oleic, nonnoiemc'so linolenic,'eleostearic, etc. acids. These individual acids may be used for the production of reaction products in accordance-with the present invention, or the mixtures of acids derived by saponiflcation of the oils, or synthetic mixtures of these l5 acids may be employed in producing the reaction products.

or the metallic oxides employed in producing these reaction products, magnesia orimagnesium oxide gives unique type reaction products, and of 20 better character than that obtained from the oxides of the alkaline earth metals. The oxides employed in the process should be sulytantially.

free from moisture, and where such oxides, such as those. of "magnesium and, calcium are em-. 'ployed, they should be substantially free from carbonates, and where such oxides are produced by calcinatio'n of natural products like magnesite or lime-stone, etc.. the products should for best results be substantially calcined to emove xide. Substantial amounts of the oxides are utilised in producing the reactionproducts in accord-.

.ance with the present invention, but it" has been found that variation in the amountof oxide employed will control the character of reaction product to. be'obtained with a particular oil or fatty acid. Thus as illustrated in the examples given below, resin-type reaction products are obtained l by utilizing indicated proportions of the oxides for a given oil. Materially reducing the amount of oxides employed below tliat required in the production of the resinous type product from the oils or higher fatty acids, results in producing a gum-type material. Further reduction in amount of oxides employed below that required for the production of gums, but still utilizing substantial amount of the oxides, results in the production of balsam-type products. Still further reduction in the amount of oxides, but un employing substantial amounts of such oxides, I

results i in the production of pitch-like productsi In carrying out the reactions, the oxides of whatever characteremployed, are desirably throughly intermixed with theoil be'iorethe heat treatment, 1

and certainly before theflnal stages of the heat treatment, so that the reaction will proceed vigorously and thoroughly throughout the reaction The heavy oxide or magnesium, substantially free from carbonates, has given the best results in producing these reaction products, although calcium oxide and mixtures of calcium and ma nesium oxide, such as in equal parts, may also be utilized, although as noted, the oxide should be substantially free from moisture or carbonic acid and its compounds. The best types of resinous products are obtained when carbonic acid or its derivativesare' absent, and such derivatives appear to retard the process and prevent the full resin reaction. Where balsams, for example, are produced, a good calcined lime oi. the commercial type can be used, and particularly where such commercial product is a mixture of the oxides of calcium and magnesium, but will not make as hard a resin generally speaking as magnesia alone.

The mixture of desired ingredients is heat treated to produce the reaction products, and in such heat treatments, the most desirable method has been found to involve heating the mixture of desired. ingredients quite rapidly until gas in substantial amount is evolved. At this point.

external heating is discontinued, and the reaction permitted to proceed spontaneously and exothermicalhr, which it does quite vigorously giving ofl large volumes or dense clouds of gas, usually of obnoxious character, and which in some instances are inflammable. At the start of the spontaneous or exothermic reaction, a

change in character and odor of gas given oil may be noted. Usually reaction for from 5 to minutes during the exothermic stage of reaction is suflicient to give the desired reaction product. While the reaction may be carried out in open vessels, exclusion of air will generally give lighter colored products; but it will be apparent that when the vigorous, spontaneous and exothermic reactionbegins, dense clouds of gases and vs.- pors are evolved which tend to sweep out any oxygen from the reaction vessel. Rapid heatin up to this point of exothermic reaction is desirable, although the oils exhibit difierent capacities for absorption of the heat, and with an oil like castor oil, the application of heat is somewhat slower than with the other oils. In those cases where there is any tendency to flashing, as in connection-with linseed oil during the heatingup stage, a loose cover may be applied over the heating vessel to lreep the air out as far as possible. The reaction is so vigorous that when open vessels are employed, it is desirable to have the heating chamber of a, capacity about four times the quantity of mixture being treated, so that the oil mixture will not be carried out of the heatingchamber. Where the gases and vapors from the reaction vessel are permitted to' escape into the air, it is desirable first to treat them with water, as by means of a water spray to absorb most of the odor, then permitting the gases and vapors to pass to the atmosphere. The water spray if of low enough temperature will condense, condensible matter from the gases and hi, may reach a temperature of 690 F.

reaction vessel may be employed for that purpose.

To some extent, the amount or quantity of oxide employed will vary with variations in the grade of oil employed.

The following specific examples will illustrate the production 01' reaction products in accordance with the present invention.

I. A castor oil resin may be prepared as follows. Approximately 1 lb. of magnesium oxide is used to 14 lbs. of oil. The castor oil reaction begins at temperatures of approximately 510 to 520 F. The mixture of oil and oxide, utilizing magnesium oxide particularly for this purpose, is heated rapidly until a temperature of about 520 F. isobtained. The external heat is then cut oil as reaction gas begins to be emitted, and the reaction is permitted to proceed under its own heat. The temperature rises ouite rapidly to 560. to 590 F. depending on the character or reaction vessel, radiation of heat, etc. The spontaneous or exothermic reaction is permitted to run for from 5 to 10 minutes, at the end of which time, a product is obtained which on cooling produces a rather brittle, mediumly dark colored brownish mass, translucent in thin layers with a greenish cast.

11. Similarly a tung oil reaction product may be utilized using-the same proportions as that given above for magnesium oxide, namely about 1 lb. of magnesium oxide to l-i lbs. of tung oil. The tung oil reaction in the exothermic stage "usually proceeds between temperatures of about 530 to 560 F. The-mass is heated up rapidly until the reaction takes place, which will generally be evidenced at about 540, and then permitted to proceed exothermically as indicated above. More care is required in handling tung oil than in some of the other oils, and while rapid heating is best,l the heat cannot be applied as fast as in the case oi castor oil.

It is noteworthy that the tang oil does not gelatinize during this treatment. The tung oil product is a quite brittle resin, easily powdered or ground, having a color and appearance quite similar to that 0! ordinary shellac.

III. A linseed oil resin may similarly be produced from linseed oil, together with the same proportion of magnesium oxide as that indicated above for castor oil. The reaction usually begins at aboutfidll" R, and during the exothermic reaction after the external heat has been out in view of the tendency of the oil to flash, while rapid heating is employed, care should be utilized.

The heating vessel may in this instance be covered to keep out air as far as possible. The

linseed oil resin is a quite brittle, translucent, ready to grind product.

The following examples particularly illustrate the use of the edible oils in the production or resins.

IV. A resin may be produced from soya bean oil, handling the oil in much the same manner as that described above for castor oil. The reaction temperature for exothermic reaction begins about 540 R, and the oil and oxide mixture is heated-up rapidly to that temperature, after which the heat may be discontinued to permit the reaction to proceed exothermically. Ihe

resin obtained is-somewhat softer than that produced with the linseed and tung oil referred to above, but is still quite brittle, almost transparent, and of a clear brownish yellow color.

V. Corn oil may be utilised in producing a resin, handling the corn oil in substantially the same way as that set forth above forthe castor or soya beam products; The mixture with magnesiumoxide in the proportions indicated, is.

heated rapidly to a temperature of about 600 F. after which the external heat is discontinued, and the reaction permitted to proceed exothermically. A substantially straw colored product, tending to opaqueness and more gum-like in character is obtained with the corn oil, although the resin is still quite brittle and easily frangible.

The following example illustrates the utilization of fatty acids themselves in the production of resins in accordance with the present invention. h

VI. Ricinoleic acid being the substantial acid from castor oil was utilized, utilizing for example 30 grams of magnesium oxide to the pound of castor acid, which is slightly less than the 1: 14 ratio given above in producing the castor oil product. The mixture of materials was heated to about 540 F., when the reaction proceeded spontaneously. The reaction product in this instance is a light colored,.rather straw yellow, practically transparent, brittle resin.

The reaction products produced in accordance with the present invention may generally be described as soluble in ordinary organic solvents, including alcohol and its derivatives, acetone, toluol, carbontetrachloride, benzene, turpentine,

but not as soluble, and in some instance, insoluble in the hydrocarbon products of the character of gasoline, and kerosene.

The synthetic resins produced by the present invention have a tendency to bleach out when exposed to sunlight,- and this is particularly true of the ricinoleic acid resin described above.

The various properties of these resins make them utilizable widely in lieu of'synthetic and natural resins generally in the industries in the production of coating compositions, molding compositions, etc. ing properties, and may desirably be employed, therefore, in-the production of articles used in electrical apparatus or systems, either employing the resins in solution form, applied as coatings on the articles tov be thus protected, or in molding compositions to produce molded articles, where admixed with fillers, desirable ar-- ticles may be produced.

Varnishesmay be produced from these products by solution of the resins in the dryingvoil or other varnish type compositions, the resins being used in lieu of or togetherwith other synthetic resins or natural resins as generally employed in the production of varnishes.

The resins themselves without inclusion of .drying oils may be utilized in solution for costin'g compositions, thus, for example, the vcastor on oil resin in solution in turpentine giving a substantiallyelear varnish. A varnish of castor or tung resins yields a floor filler of wax-like finish,

that appears to improve with washing.

Generally the resins produced in accordancewith the present invention are harder than natural rcsins and melt 'at higher temperatures than the natural re'sins,which property further makes them desirably employed in electrical equipment and installations. Thus oil, tung oil or linseed oil may be utilized with lower quantities of magnesium oxide to oil. For example, slightly more than one-half of the 'ifamount-of magnesium o i m the 'oil example above, to produce tough, dense or r i flexible stages that can be applied to coils tt seal.

'the finished paper, or incorporated intothe beater These resins possess insulatv modified by the inclusion of other organic sub- 1 particular purposes, and among such resins r" may be utilized there may be mentioned the phe a resin of either castor punctures therein as in spark coils and transformers'of the high tension type. The resins may be utilized as-binders in'producing non-shatterable glass, as for example, where two or. more panes of glass are sandwiched 5 together by means of a binder of the synthetic lulose nitrate or cellulose acetate type. And 15 these resins may be employed as plasticizers with cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate, or other eellulose esters and ethers in producing various types of products including, for example, the cellulose acetate threads or yarns used in the production of fabrics and textiles.

These resins may be used in lieu of other resins, natural and synthetic; for the sizing of paper, and either by application in sizing compositions to 25 in the usual resin formulations before the, paper composition is sheeted.

In view of the insulating properties of the resins, they may be utilized 'in'soluti'ons for application to metallic conductors or wires to produce insulating coatings thereonmr for the impregnaa tion of the usual type of cotton or other coatings on such wires, or the wires may be run through the molten resin to produce a coating th'ereon. Solutions of the resins may also beemployed as primer coats on metallic and wood surfaces, and

particularly as undercoats over which drying oil types of varnishes are to be applied. They may,

however, also be employed as undercoats under lacquers of the nitrocellulose, etc. type.

Coatings of these resins may be baked toincrease their hardness.

The invention has been particularly illustrated above by the utilization of glycerlde oils and their fatty acids, but mixtures of the glyceride oils, or mixtures of the fatty acids, or mixtures of the oils and acids may be employed in producing these reaction products; by the expression glyceride oil component occuring in the hereunto appended claims is'intendedany of these substances individually or in admixture. While the incorporation of other substances, -par-' ticularly of organic character is not required in the production of these resins, the resins may be stances with the reaction mixture before the heat treatment is begun.

Mixtures of the resins of thepresent invention with other types of resins may be employed for nol-i'ormaldehyde types of resins, the phthalic glyceride types of resins, the vinyl resins, the urea-formaldehyde types of resins, etc.

Having thus set forth my invention, I claim:

1. An exothermic heat reaction product of true resinous character from a glyceride oil and an oxide selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal and and magnesium oxides inappropriate proportions of l partof oxideto 14 7 parts of oil by weight.

2. An exothermic heat reaction product of true resinous character from a semi-drying o and an oxide selected from the group consisti g of the alkaline earth metal and magnesium oxides in quantity sumcient to produce the indicated product.

3. An exothermic heat reaction product of true resinous character from a non-drying glyceride 5 oil and an oxide selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal and magnesium oxides in quantity sufilcient to produce the indicated product.

4. The process of preparing reaction products which comprises heating a glyceride oil'in the presence of an oxide selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal and magnesium oxides, at elevated temperatures until gas in substantial amount is given oif, and then per- -mitting the reaction to continue exothermically until a reaction product of resinous character is obtained.

5. The process of preparing reaction products which comprises heating a drying oil-in the presence of an oxide selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal and magnesium oxides at elevated temperatures until gas in substantial amount is given off, and permitting the reaction to continue exothermically until a reaction product of resinous character is obtained.

6. The process of preparing reaction products which comprises heating a semi-drying glyceride oil in the presence of an oxide selected from the magnesium oxides at elevated temperatures until gas in substantial amount is given off, and permitting the reaction 'to continue exothermically until a reaction product of resinous character is obtained.

'l. The process of preparing reaction products which comprises heating a non-drying glyceride oil in the presence of an oxide selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal and magnesium oxides, at elevated temperatures until gas in substantial amount is given oil, and permitting the reaction to continue exothermically until a reaction product of resinous character is obtained.

8. The heat reaction product of true resinous character of magnesium oxide and a semi-drying oil in the proportions approximately of 1:14, said product being generally solublein ordinary organic solvents; including alcohol and its derivatives, acetone, toluol, carbontetrachloride, benzene, and turpentine, but being generally insoluble or incompletely soluble in hydrocarbon products of the character of gasoline and kerosene.

9. The heat reaction product of true resinous character of magnesium oxide and a non-drying oil in the approximate proportions of 1:14, said product being generally soluble in ordinary organic solvents, including alcohol and its derivatives, acetone, toluol, carbontetrachloride, benzene, and turpentine, but being generally insoluble or incompletely soluble in hydrocarbon prod- !ucts of the charactenof gasoline and kerosene.

10. The process of producing reaction, products group consisting of the alkaline earth metal and on, and permitting the reaction to continue exothermically until a reaction product 'of resinous character is obtained.

12. The process of preparing reaction products which comprises heating a glyceride oil in the presence of magnesium oxide substantially free from carbonate in the ratio of 1 part of oxide to 14 parts of oil by weight to a temperature of at least 519 F. until a reaction product of resinous character is obtained.

13. The method of controllingthe conversion of a substance including a glyceride oil component into a product having the physical characteristics of a substance from the group consisting of resins, gums, balsams and pitches comprising heating the starting material in the presence of an oxide from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals and magnesium oxides in quantity suilicient to. form the predetermined physical characteristics at a temperature which will generate an exothermic reaction and evolve substantial quantities of gas, and permitting the exothermic reaction to proceed. thereby forming a product having the desired characteristics dependent upon the quantity of alkaline earth or magnesium oxide used.

14. The method of producing a product of resinous character which comprises heating a substance including a glyceride oil component in thepresence of suiiicient oxide from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal and magnesium oxides to form a resinous product, at an elevated temperature sufilcient to generate an exothermic reaction and evolve substantial quantities of gas, and permitting the exothermic reaction to proceed until a reaction product of resinous character is obtained.

15. The method as in claim 14, wherein the reagents are substantially free from carbonate and water.

16. The method as in claim 14, wherein air is excluded from the zone of reaction.

17. The method of producing a product of true resinous character which comprises heating a substance including a glyceride oil component in the presence of an excess of oxide from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal and magnesium oxide suflicient to form a truly resinous product, at an elevated temperature sufliclent to generate an exothermic reaction and evolve substantial quantities of gas, permitting the exothermic reaction to proceed, and separating the excess oxide from the resin in its fluid state.

18. The method of producing a product of 'true resinous character which comprises heating a substance including a glyceride oil component in thepresence oi suilicient oxide from thegroup consisting of alkaline earth metaland magnesium oxide to form a truly resinous product and in the presence of a previously formed resinous reaction product resulting irom this method, at an elevated temperature suflicient to generate an exothermic reaction and evolve substantial quantities of gas, and permitting the exothermic reaction to proceed until a reaction product of resinous character is obtained.

19. An exothermic heat reaction product of true resinous character from a substance from the group consisting oi anon-drying glyceride oil and a semi drying oil and an oxide selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal and magnesium oxides in quantity suiilcient to produce the indicated product.

RUDOLPH R. GRANT. 

